4 symptoms of multiple myeloma

That multiple myeloma  (MM) is a hematological cancer that occurs from the increase in the number of a type of white blood cell called plasma cell  in the bone marrow and creates abnormal proteins in the bloodstream, causing 4 important symptoms of the disease.

• pale
• Kidney failure
• High blood calcium levels
• Bone pain, back pain

Epidemiology of multiple myeloma

The disease is found in approximately 0.5-1 patients per 100,000 population. Accounting for 1 percent of all cancers. Disease is found in adults. In Thailand, the average age is 59 years (with a range of 19-95 years of age) and is found in women slightly more than men.  

Multiple myeloma is a cancer of the blood plasma cells (plasma cells) that often occurs in the elderly, with an average age at diagnosis of approximately 60-70 years. It rarely found in patients under 40 years of age.

Causes of Multiple Myeloma

The exact cause of the disease is still unknown. But it is hypothesize. That it may be related to genetics and certain environmental factors, สมัคร ufabet กับเรา รับโบนัสทันที such as the use of pesticides, herbicides, certain chemicals, and exposure to radiation. Therefore, there is no clear way to prevent this disease.    

Although there is currently no cure for myeloma, it is a treatable disease and there have been rapid advances in treatment. It has found that patients live longer in the past 10 years.

Causes of disease

• The exact cause of multiple myeloma disease is still unknown.
• Patients who have previously had abnormal blood proteins without symptoms (Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance – MGUS) have an average risk of developing multiple myeloma of approximately 1% per year.

Pathogenesis and symptoms of the disease

In normal conditions, plasma cells have the function of creating immunity for the body. However, when plasma cells change into cancer cells, they will not be able to create normal immune substances, but will instead create proteins and release abnormal substances, causing symptoms of the disease, such as:

• Anemia is caused by cancer cells replacing normal red blood cells in the bone marrow. Secreting substances that reduce the production of red blood cells, causing fatigue and easy tiredness.
• Kidney failure due to abnormal proteins secreted by cancer cells are toxic to the kidneys, causing kidney failure, swelling, decreased urination, fatigue, nausea and vomiting.
• Bone pain, easy bone fractures due to cancer cells releasing substances that increase bone breakdown and reduce bone formation. In addition, it causes high levels of calcium in the blood, causing lethargy.